Dental Dictionary

Dental Dictionary

Our comprehensive dental dictionary provides clear, easy-to-understand definitions for common dental terms, procedures, and conditions. Whether you are researching a treatment your dentist recommended or simply want to better understand your oral health, this glossary is here to help. Willis & Associates Family Dentistry Ivy – Charlottesville believes that informed patients make confident decisions about their dental care.

A

Abscess: A painful infection at the root of a tooth or between the gum and a tooth, often caused by severe decay, trauma, or gum disease. An abscess requires prompt treatment to prevent the infection from spreading.

B

Bonding: A cosmetic procedure in which tooth-colored composite resin is applied to repair chipped, cracked, or discolored teeth. Bonding is a conservative, affordable alternative to veneers.

Bruxism: The involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, often during sleep. Bruxism can cause tooth wear, jaw pain, and headaches, and is commonly treated with a custom night guard.

C

Cavity: A permanently damaged area in the hard surface of a tooth that develops into a small hole, caused by bacteria, frequent snacking, sugary drinks, and inadequate brushing.

Crown: A custom-made cap placed over a damaged or decayed tooth to restore its shape, strength, and appearance.

D

Decay: The destruction of tooth structure caused by acids produced by bacteria in dental plaque. Also referred to as dental caries.

Denture: A removable replacement for missing teeth and surrounding tissues. Dentures can be complete (replacing all teeth) or partial (replacing several teeth).

E

Enamel: The hard, outer layer of the tooth that protects against decay. Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body but can erode over time from acids and wear.

Extraction: The removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone, performed when a tooth is too damaged to be repaired.

F

Filling: A material (composite resin, amalgam, or porcelain) used to restore a tooth damaged by decay to its normal shape and function.

Fluoride: A natural mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent cavities. Fluoride treatments are a key part of preventive dental care.

G

Gingivitis: The earliest stage of gum disease, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional cleanings.

Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease): An infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place, typically caused by poor oral hygiene. Advanced gum disease can lead to tooth loss.

I

Implant: A titanium post surgically placed in the jawbone to serve as an artificial tooth root. Once healed, an implant supports a crown, bridge, or denture for a permanent tooth replacement solution.

Invisalign: A clear aligner system that straightens teeth without traditional metal braces, using a series of custom-made removable trays.

M

Malocclusion: A misalignment of the teeth or an incorrect relationship between the upper and lower dental arches, commonly referred to as a bad bite.

N

Night Guard: A custom-fitted oral appliance worn during sleep to protect teeth from damage caused by grinding or clenching (bruxism).

Nitrous Oxide: A mild sedative gas (commonly called laughing gas) inhaled through a mask to help patients relax during dental procedures.

O

Oral Sedation: A form of sedation dentistry in which a prescription medication is taken before treatment to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

P

Plaque: A soft, sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. If not removed by regular brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar and contributes to tooth decay and gum disease.

Porcelain Veneer: A thin, custom-made shell of tooth-colored porcelain bonded to the front surface of a tooth to improve its appearance.

R

Root Canal: A treatment to repair and save a badly infected or damaged tooth by removing the infected pulp, cleaning the inside of the tooth, and sealing it.

S

Sealant: A thin, protective coating applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth (molars) to prevent decay. Sealants are especially beneficial for children.

T

Tartar (Calculus): Hardened plaque that has calcified on the teeth. Tartar can only be removed by a dental professional during a professional cleaning.

V

Veneer: A thin shell of porcelain or composite resin placed over the front surface of a tooth to correct chips, cracks, gaps, or discoloration.

W

Wisdom Teeth: The third and final set of molars, which usually emerge in the late teens or early twenties. Wisdom teeth are often removed if they are impacted, crowded, or causing problems.

Have a question about a dental term not listed here? Our team at Willis & Associates Family Dentistry Ivy is happy to help. Call us at 434-977-4101.